• Urinary tract inflammation (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract.
• The urinary tract includes the – kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra, and prostate.
• Cystitis – inflammation of the urinary bladder.
• Urethritis – inflammation of the urethra.
• Ureteritis – inflammation of the ureters.
• Pyelonephritis – inflammation of the renal pelvis.
• Prostatitis – inflammation of the prostate gland in males.
• UTI is commonly associated with cystitis.
• UTI is more commonly found in women than when.

Couse of Urinary Tract Infection UTI

• Bacterial infection (E. Coli) – (more common cause).
• Sexual active women
• Post menopause women
• Perineal unhygienic condition
• The less hygienic catheterization procedure
• BPH and prostate cancer
• Tight clothing wear
• Upper respiratory tract infection
• Synthetic undergarments
• Candida infection
• Poor-fitting vaginal diaphragm
• Indwelling urinary catheter.

Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI )

• Burning urination
• Dysuria (painful urination)
• Frequency and urgency
• Discomfort during voiding
• Abdominal pain and back flank pain
• Hematuria (blood in urine)
• Pyuria (pus in the blood)
• Incomplete emptying of the bladder
• Dribbling of urine
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever, malaise, and chills
• Dark color foul-smelling urine
• Incontinence of urine.

Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection UTI

• History collection and physical examination.
• Urine routine test
• Urine culture test
• Intravenous pyelogram
• Midstream urine collection
• Abdominal USG
• Cystoscopy
• Complete blood count (CBC) test – WBC increase.
• RFT and LFT.

Treatment of Urinary tract Infection UTI

• Broad spectrum antibiotics – clotrimazole
• Penicillin
• Ciprofloxacin.
• Antispasmodic medication – Doxycycline.
• Antiemetic for vomiting.
• Antipyretics for fever.
• Analgesics drugs – for pain.
• Proton pump inhibitors.
• IV fluid administers.
• Excessive fluid intake.
• Urinary tract analgesics – pyridium.

UTI Nursing management

• Nurses monitor patient urine output and any urine findings.
• Nurses maintain patient input and output charts.
• Assess vital signs and body temperature is a sign of infection.
• Nurses promote the hygienic environment to control infections.
• Nursing encourages emptying the bladder regularly and completely.
• Nurses regularly evaluate the bowel and bladder function.
• Nursing encourages patients to exercise excessively.
• Provide education about UTI and prevention or control of the UTI.
• Provide prescribed medications and IV fluid therapy.
• Advice about empty the bladder before and after sexual activity.
• Advice for wipe the perineal area front to back after urination and defecation.
• Avoid vaginal douches and spray in the perineal area.
• Maintain proper hygiene during the menstrual cycle.
• Nurses maintain documentation findings legally.
• Provide health education and awareness.
• Provide help in hospital discharge procedures.
• Discuss the benefits of follow-up care.

Key Points of UTI

1. UTI is most commonly associated with – Cystitis
2. Cystitis is inflammation of – Urinary bladder
3. Common incidence of UTI – Female
4. The most common cause of UTI – E. Coli
5. Which women have more chances of UTI – Sexually active women
6. A most common cause of UTI in males – STD
7. Most common nursing action to treat UTI – Provide excessive fluid intake
8. The most common cause of nosocomial infection – E. Coli.
9. Most common upper urinary tract infection – Pyelonephritis.
10. Acute pyelonephritis is treated with – Antibiotics.
11. Which pyelonephritis is caused by bacterial infection – Acute.
12. Drug of choice of most UTIs – Sulfonamides.
13. UTI analgesic is a – Pyridium.
14. To prevent urinary tract infection, which drinks are recommended – Cranberry juice?
15. Percentage of pregnant ladies who develop UTI – 1.5%

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