What is Parkinson's Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

What is Parkinson’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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Introduction Parkinson’s disease

What is Parkinson's Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
What is Parkinson’s Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
  • Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Parkinson’s disease was first described by James Parkinson in 1817 as “shaking palsy“.
  • Parkinson’s diseases mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS).

Definition of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the basal ganglia of the brain and leads to a deficiency of dopamine neurotransmitters. Decrease dopamine neurotransmitter level in the body cause the tried symptoms –

  • Tremor
  • Bradykinesia
  • Rigidity.

Causes of Parkinson’s disease

  • Idiopathic
  • Genetic disorder
  • Age factors
  • Exposure to toxin
  • Sex (men more exposure)
  • Deficiency of dopamine
  • Arterial hypertension
  • Affect substantia nigra
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Head injury
  • Exposure to Toxins
  • Encephalitis
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Environmental triggers.
  • What is Parkinson's Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    What is Parkinson’s Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Pathophysiology (Process of Parkinson’s disease)

  

Cause

Affect the substantia nigra of basal ganglia

Decrease dopamine production

Degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia

Affect daily routine activity and cause the tremor, rigidity or bradykinesia

Parkinson disease.

Symptoms/Signs of Parkinson’s Disease

  • Classical symptoms of Parkinson – tremor
    Symptoms/Signs of Parkinson's Disease
    Symptoms/Signs of Parkinson’s Disease
  • Rigidity
  • Bradykinesia.
  • Masks like facial expressions.
  • Immobile daily activity
  • Wrist sluggish moment
  • Shuffling gait
  • Speech difficulty
  • Dysphagia
  • Balance problem
  • Propulsive gait
  • Impaired gross motor coordination
  • Loss of sense of smell
  • Swallowing and chewing difficulty
  • Frothy saliva from the mouth
  • Stop automatic swinging of hand during the walk
  • Stooped posture
  • Dystonia
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Micrographic
    What is Parkinson's Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    What is Parkinson’s Disease Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
  • Constipation.

Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

  • History collection and physical examination.
  • CT scan and MRI
  • Imaging test
  • PET scan
  • Mental status examination.

Treatment of Parkinson’s disease

  • Levodopa and carbidopa
  • Dopamine agonist – bromocriptine
  • Anticholinergics – benztropine.
  • Monoamine oxidase type – B (MAO – B)
  • Antihistamine
  • Tricyclic medication
  • COMT inhibitor (catechol – o – methyltransferase inhibitors)
  • Antiviral substance.

Complications in Parkinson’s disease

  • Disability
  • Aspiration
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Dementia
  • Injury from fall
  • Cognitive problem.

Who to Manage Parkinson’s disease Patients

  • Nurses monitor patients’ daily activity and vital signs.
  • Assess physical examination and mental ability.
  • Assess patient chewing and swallowing ability.
  • Provide soft and fibre diet for easily eating.
  • Nursing encourages patients for daily active and passive movement.
  • Provide physical and occupational therapy.
  • Provide a medical alert bracelet.
  • Provide all prescribed medication and maintain IV therapy.
  • The nurse monitors the respiration pattern.
  • Nurses educate to avoid – high heel shoes
  • Hard mattress use
  • Vitamin B6.
  • The nurse will encourage the patient to do minor tasks.
  • The nurse will assist the patient while descending the stairs.
  • The nurse will explain to all family members about Parkinson’s.

Important Points about Parkinson’s disease

  1. What was the first name of Parkinson’s disease – Shaking palsy?
  2. Parkinson’s disease is a – Neurodegenerative disorder.
  3. Tried symptoms of Parkinson’s disease – Tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
  4. The most common cause of Parkinson’s disease – Dopamine deficiency.
  5. Which neurotransmitter affects Parkinson’s disease – Dopamine
  6. Parkinson’s disease was discovered by – James Parkinson.
  7. Parkinson’s disease is a – Progressive brain disorder.
  8. The average age of onset of Parkinson’s disease is about – 60.
  9. How many stages of Parkinson’s disease – 4.
  10. Parkinson’s disease is most commonly found in – Males.

Parkinson’s disease Slideshare

FAQ About Parkinson’s Disease:

What was the first name of Parkinson’s disease?

Shaking palsy

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Neurodegenerative disorder.

What have Tried symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

These 3 are the main signs of Parkinson’s disease> tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Which neurotransmitter affects Parkinson’s disease

Dopamine

Parkinson’s disease was discovered by

James Parkinson.

Parkinson’s disease is most commonly found in

Males then Females





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